Definition of automated three-dimensional warehouse:
The use of 3D storage equipment to realize the integrated system of the warehouse to achieve three-dimensional layout rationalization, automatic access, simple operation, fewer or unmanned management. Therefore, the automated three-dimensional warehouse is the integration of three-dimensional shelves, roadway stackers (shuttle cars), entry and exit conveyors and operating systems. English: AS / RS (Automated Storage and Retrieval System)
Compared with traditional warehouses, automated three-dimensional warehouses have the following advantages:
1. Improve the utilization rate of the warehouse area : the traditional warehouse goods are stored in the warehouse. Human factors cause the warehouse to be vacant, reserve large area channels for bulky handling equipment, and store inaccurately. In each row of racks in the automated three-dimensional warehouse, only the laneways of the stacker are reserved, and the laneways are narrow, which increases the area usage rate of the warehouse.
2. Greatly improve the warehouse volume utilization rate: traditional warehouses are limited by handling equipment, it is difficult to achieve three-dimensional utilization of the warehouse, resulting in the warehouse three-dimensional space idle and have to expand the warehouse area; even if using three-dimensional shelves, high-level shelves manual loading and unloading of goods is difficult Large and dangerous.
3. Easy to realize the FIFO of goods: By using the connection between WMS and WCS systems and enterprise ERP \ SAP \ MES and other management software, the first-in first-out of goods can be realized, and the phenomenon of “later upper hand” of human operations is eliminated.
4. The use of automatic conveyor system and roadway stacker greatly reduces the workload of warehouse personnel, and provides the possibility for the warehouse to realize unmanned operations: the goods enter and exit the three-dimensional warehouse directly by the stacker and the automatic conveyor. The warehouse personnel It only needs to monitor the operation of the system from time to time, realizing access automation.
5. Dynamic management of warehouse location to reduce the sluggish backlog ofwarehousing materials: manual inventory of traditional warehouse materials, visual identification of materials by personnel, and static material management result in a backlog of materials, and sluggish materials cannot be fed back in time, causing enterprise cash to “sleep and depreciate” in the warehouse, etc. .
Of course, compared with traditional warehouses, automated three-dimensional warehouses have the problems of large investment in premises and the need for warehouse managers to have a high level of knowledge. However, timely investment will bring huge returns to the enterprise.
The construction of automated three-dimensional warehouse: tailor-made, customized according to demand is the principle of three-dimensional warehouse construction.
1. Collect and study the original data of the enterprise itself, and clarify the goal to be achieved:
1. Clarify the connection process between the automated three-dimensional warehouse and the front and back processes;
2. Logistics requirements: maximum number of warehouses, maximum number of warehouses, and warehouse capacity;
3. The specifications of the goods: the type of goods, packaging method, size, weight, storage method and other characteristics of other goods;
4. The site conditions and environmental requirements of the three-dimensional warehouse: other layout requirements of the warehouse’s length, width, height, temperature, and hygrometer;
5. The functional requirements of the enterprise for the warehouse management system: the requirements for docking with the enterprise ERP, SAP, MES, the operational functions that need to be realized, etc .;
6. Other relevant information and special requirements.
Second, determine the main parameters of the three-dimensional warehouse:
1. The number of warehouses in the three-dimensional warehouse;
2. The amount of storage and storage in unit time;
3. The external dimensions and weight of the goods;
4. The spatial structure of the warehouse;
Third, the reasonable layout of the general layout of the three-dimensional warehouse:
Generally speaking, the automated three-dimensional warehouse includes: storage buffer, inspection area, palletizing area, storage area, storage buffer, pallet temporary storage area, non-conforming product temporary storage area and sundries area, etc. When planning, it is not necessary to plan each of the above areas in the three-dimensional warehouse. The areas and the increase and decrease areas can be reasonably divided according to the process characteristics and requirements of the enterprise. At the same time, we must also reasonably consider the flow of materials to make the flow of materials unimpeded, which will directly affect the capacity and efficiency of the automated warehouse.
Fourth, choose the appropriate type of mechanical equipment and parameters:
1. Shelf form and size:
① Shelf form: the shelves of automated three-dimensional warehouse generally include: beam shelf, corbel shelf, mobile shelf, etc. When designing, choose according to the dimensions, weight and other relevant factors of the cargo unit.
②The size of the cargo grid: The size of the cargo grid depends on the gap between the cargo unit and the shelf column and beam (cob). At the same time, it is also affected to some extent by the structure of the shelf and other factors.
2. Stacker (not explained by shuttle car):
The stacker is the core equipment of the entire automated three-dimensional warehouse, and the goods can be moved from one place to another through manual operation, semi-automatic operation or fully automatic operation. It is composed of sky and earth rail, horizontal walking mechanism, lifting mechanism, cargo platform, fork and electrical system;
①Determine the type of stacker: including single-column stacker, double-column stacker, single-track roadway stacker, double-track roadway stacker, turn-way roadway stacker, etc.
②Determine the speed of the stacker: According to the flow requirements of the warehouse, calculate the horizontal walking speed of the stacker, the lifting speed of the goods and the telescopic speed of the fork.
③ Other parameters and configuration: the positioning method and communication method of the stacker are selected according to the situation of the warehouse. The level of configuration depends on the specific situation.
3. Conveying system
Reasonably choose the type of conveyor, including: AGV \ RGV, roller conveyor, chain conveyor, belt conveyor, lift transfer machine, hoist, etc. At the same time, the speed of the conveying system must be reasonably determined according to the instantaneous flow of the warehouse.
4. According to the technological process of the warehouse and some special requirements of the user, some auxiliary equipment can be added appropriately, including: handheld terminal, forklift, balance crane, etc.
5. Preliminary design of the functional modules of the control system (WCS) and warehouse management system (WMS)
According to the technological process of the warehouse and the requirements of the enterprise, the control system (WCS) and the warehouse management system (WMS) are reasonably designed. The control system and warehouse management system generally adopt a modular design, which is convenient for upgrade and maintenance.
6. The whole system of simulation
Under conditional conditions, the whole system can be simulated, and the storage and transportation of the three-dimensional warehouse can be described intuitively, some of the problems are found, and corresponding corrections are made to optimize the entire AS / RS system.
7. Detailed design of equipment and control management system
Based on the above items, the equipment and control management system in the three-dimensional warehouse system are designed in detail.
